WEAVING OF FABRIC

Apparently, in a conversation about the past of our people, the art of weaving can be put on a par with the art of farming or building. It is difficult to assume, from which ancient (“front,” as they say) times, the flax yarn was brought to us.
The weaving technology was always combined with high artistry. Moreover, the degree of this skill in weaving actually depended on the degree of technological complexity.
The principle of weaving is based on one pair of moving, pushing, and rushing up and down threads. The horizontal row of such pairs is the foundation. The transverse thread - ducks - pulled into a moving mound and forms the basis of the fabric, weaving into a coherent whole warp thread. But this way is only for making the most straightforward woven fabric. The premise here, while pushing, is divided into two parts. But what happens if use not a single pair of threads, but two pairs, and each such pair to push in turn? In other words, it is by not splitting in two, but in four in the frame during dragging through a wet thread. And you'll get a patterned, artisanal fabric.
       Not in every peasant's house lived such skill and ability, and it was not always enough time. However, it was rare when the wedding was devoid of gifts of ornamental fabric.
 In the North, big houses were built yet because weaving tools, especially looms, required a lot of space.
      In the spring, when it became warm and sunny, the back gate of the upper shed that became pretty empty during the winter was opened. Swept its two weavers, usually, a knowledgeable friend, exhibited here, small sparrow and use them to stow the yarn on Tyurikov. Small sparrow replaced as big as a two-story, called shuttle. Double the thread that runs from two rotating from the usual tension Tyurikov was passed somewhere through the beam and stretched from top to shuttle. Snovalki turned on one turn in one direction or the other. The length of one wall was equal to the perimeter of the canvas shuttle and was constant. If there was enough yarn, then immediately scurried into two (two rotations there and two back), or three walls of the canvas (three turns clockwise, and three - against). The main secret of warping concealed the fact that one end of the base with the help of the so-called price was crisscrossed, eight. Here, a special probe knit a pair of crossed. If crossing confused or not to save, and immediately disappears and the whole meaning of the entire labour warping. Consequently, hot or impatient weave nothing to take up this matter. On the other hand, the warping brought in girl patience, perseverance and artistic flair. Simultaneously it was necessary to monitor the number of threads in the manner, and amount of right and left turns shuttle. Experienced weavers, knowing the number of available yarn, scurried precisely as the number of threads at the base, and the length basis. But other inexperienced  weaver does not calculate the number of walls or self-confidence will increase the number of threads on the basis (instead of yes and Semernikov will begin to scurry for the bird, devyaternika) - then get universally embarrassing.
When happy end basis, carefully preserving stringed prices, remove from the sparrow. It takes the form of the bound bundle, which is transferred into heat in the house, where there are ready for subsequent warping cable. The challenge is that each thread in a strict sequence stretch in the comb and fix one end horizontally on rotating basis chocks. Then prices are transferred to the other side of Byrd and the width of their bases insert pair of thin parallel bars. The ends of these strips are connected to a certain width, which allows prices to move along the entire foundation. Basis after that in a series of carefully wound on the width of the ridge on the chocks. The remaining ends to induce Nitchenko and working comb. Csurka with the base is fixed and is fixed with a special device. The ends of the base, passed through Nitchenko and comb, set on another ridge crossing, which also can be fastened. Basis tightly stretched, tied to Nitchenko step, and only now are trying to the pharynx. If all goes well, the threads scurry up and down easily, not clinging to one another. The base is expanded widely, and slippery with birch-bark canoe chivtsey, which is wound specifying the thread does not run in the throat, but just fly right to the left. At chivtsy hank yarn also Tyurikov, using a small machine, equipped with wooden knobs. He called the rock, from the word "miss a beat." Thus, the foundation established and finally can weave ... The day is a good expert at creating a wall of a simple canvas. Two walls - about fifteen meters - called end. * Everyday shroud * Russian people from time immemorial had the custom to give a special pledge - a vow. It could be a common, group, or personal, individual vow. Vows were taken during fights and in battles with the enemy in times of plague. Women's vow could be due to different reasons. Most likely, of them was because of an illness or disability of the child. In the name of recovering a child, a woman had given a vow of an ordinary veil. Everyday- means every day, one-day, a brief ( a pie, for example, can be the overday pie). In one day, it was necessary to tear several flax bundles, comb them, roll tow, spin them, make the frame and weave a shroud, in other words, the veil on the icon of the saint in the local church. Frankly speaking, this job is no joke! (Remember the story of Vasilisa the Beautiful.)
Of course, alone a woman or girl in the best case would have done at the end of the day only the yarn, maybe even span least one raps, but no more. Therefore several of the best masters would gather. They were asked in advance to avoid publicity. They would get up well before dawn and began to work, which took on a day like this a particular importance. In the evening a lot of linen flax turned in incomplete, but still a decent wall of the canvas - the overday veil. Let's not talk about all the meaningful minutiae of the day, as well as thoughts and feelings of workers. Joy, a sense of relief, a sense of accomplishment, a sense of belonging to a neighbor and to the whole world - all this leaves no room for fatigue.