*THE HUT *

 The most spartan hut, which used to be built for single people and temporary housing, consisted of a log cabin, with only one partition, that is the fifth wall, separating the cold porch without a ceiling from the living room quarters.
In the same way were cut bathhouses. The hut could be with the gabled, as well as with the pent, sloping roof. Whit the pent roof, a slant was hacked at each side of the wall. The rafters were put directly on the walls. However, the pent roof and a small-sized bath or cabin didn't have the beams at all.

 The logs were fastened with individual spines and studs. A window not destroying the integrity of the wooden wall is called "portage," it was inserted inside with the board, embedded in longitudinal grooves.

 A bigger window with the jambs, holding the cut-off ends of logs, called "jambs." In the jambs and the lower and upper beams of the window and door openings, was cut out the quarter for the frame or the door leaf. Plugged-in thresholds or the jambs of the windows were cut into the logs and to the structures very solidly and were planted on the moss.
Under the window, the bottom frame was put birch bark, so the lower trunk would not rot, as in the winter at the window continuously accumulate moisture. A large gap between the upper beam in the doorway and the top jamb was filled with moss and covered on both sides with the planks. In general, all was done in double to keep the warmth: the floorboards, the roof slate, and the board, of which were made door leaves.

 A hut, which stood on the rocks, sometimes was not touching the ground, the wind-swept under it that was why it does not rot, but the heat was kept well thanks to the second "black" floor. Between "black" and natural floors was the soil on the ceiling in the attic. The density of the floor made by a competent carpenter was such that water couldn't get through the cracks. No wonder in one of the tales, Ivan the Fool pours beer from the beer tub and swims the house in the trough as if in a boat.

 However, the most exciting thing in the Russian hut was the roof to resist all the winds and storms without having a single nail. Ancient carpenters had to do away without metal: even the door hinges were birch excrescence, and the sash frames were sliding. Any, embedded in the spine and fixed with the wedge wooden piece or structure kept stronger than nailed with a nail.
Like the whole house, the roof was made so that each successive part was attached to the previous, lower, and higher, the stronger so as it was not carried away by the wind. However, this tenacity is not needed at the bottom since a stable build depends on the house's weight.
So in the logs that hold the roof was cut-in frames, supported with a load of those logs. Into the cut-frame were put small logs called "hens" that keep the individual log called 'flow." Troughs inserted into the lower ends of the roof in the notch in the "flow," and their upper ends clamped a massive carved block of wood. That large log was mounted on the roof with the pins through the upper cut-frame into the top logs. Fasteners were fastened to the roof to not rise from a hail of wind. In turn, with lower wedge-shaped cross members, boarded hollowed pinholes. After such an attachment, no wind could disrupt the roof of a bathhouse or cottage.

 The first row of full, hewn troughs put in the notch roof up and the second set of grooves up or down hump. Shingle is called transverse lower second roof, on top of it was making plank "rifled," that is, with rain grooves. Troughs in ancient times were made of two halves split by wedges of thick logs, which were selected straight-grained trees. A twisted, non-concentric tree is impossible to cut into halves. But in the wall, the tree does not rote for 80-100 years and being in a dry place, there was a virtually unlimited number of years. So troughs, also known as planks, later began to not hack and saw. There was a widespread roof-slatted for a time, now the same everywhere houses covered with slate. Thatched roofs were considered a sign of economic failure in the Northern villages.